The Parisian club has now won the season-opening cup on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired two times late to take a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to seal a convincing penalty win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.